CTD - Plasma Principles

[kafros]

And, each compound has the official UIPAC name, and one (or even more 0_o) common name(s).

 

 

For example, CH(3)OH is the "bad booze" that makes you blind, CH(3)CH(2)OH is the "booze" we drink etc. I can't describe it well, I am only good in the "greek part" . So, that link will help us:

http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/blcommon.htm

 

 

And, some "random" links, but quite useful:

http://www.cleaning101.com/sdalatest/html/soapchemistry1.htm

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/1...sumer/faq.shtml

 

 

Hey, you remember a old thread where we talked about the Jellies we eat?

What's Jello™ made of?

 

 

    Gelatin is made of hydrolyzed collagen, which is a polite way of saying 'partially decomposed protein extracted from cow and pig hides, hooves, bones, and connective tissue'. The protein in these materials is broken down by treatment with an alkaline solution and then extracted with hot water.

 

    The protein in gelatin consists mostly of chains of amino acids (basic building block molecules for all proteins). The gelatin proteins are mostly made of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline residues (but small quantities of other amino acids are also present). These acids allow the protein chains wrap into a stable three-stranded structure called a 'triple helix'. When the proteins are dissolved in hot water, the triple helices unwind into free protein chains. Cooling the solution again allows the triple helix to reform in some places, but not in others. The free protein chains form a tangled net, pinned together by partially reformed triple helices. The net has large pockets of of liquid trapped inside it. The trapped liquid gives gelatin its wiggle, but the protein net allows the gelatin to keep the shape it is molded into.

[Guest Azrael]

I will say that the D20 and 2H20 would have been clearer with subscripts... Far clearer, in fact.  I stared at that for like five minutes before I said "oh, that's what he means."

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

Agreed, I thought he meant 2 hydrogen atoms. At any rate, it's Deuterium, not dideuterium then.

Edited June 12, 2005 by Azrael

[Kikanaide]

Ok, so, I'm going to just make a statement to clear up a bit of confusion.

 

Heavy water is chemically identical to water, which is H(subscript)2O. Which means 2 Hydrogen per 1 Oxygen. Except that both Hydrogens are replaced by Deuterium, which is just Hydrogen with an (extra) neutron. So it can be written D(subscript)2O, meaning two deuterium and one oxygen per molecule. There is such a thing as semi-heavy water, which has one hydrogen, one deuterium, and one oxygen (according to some website I found, that looked [but isn't necessarily] reliable).

 

So I just read the naming section of my chemistry textbook (they released a new version the semester that I took it so I couldn't sell it back...bugger them anyway).

 

The real problem is that the naming conventions seem to say that it should be dideuterium monoxide. The conventions write that the mono-prefix is not used for the first element but is used for any additional elements. The di is "necessary" to delineate that there are two deuteriums. However, there was another convention, which simply shouldn't be there because it is entirely arbitrary..."we don't use suffixes when we don't need them." This, I think, is the problem. Is there another combination of hydrogen and oxygen that has any significance and doesn't have a separate (special) name like "alcohol" or such?

 

I know www.webster.com calls it deuterium oxide, although they are hardly a fountain of scientific knowledge...

[[Blehm 98]]

hmm, using what limited knowledge i have about chemistry, D(subscript)2O wouldn't work, because that is identifying the D as an element, when instead it is just hydrogen with an extra proton. Heavy water is actually h^2(subscript)20, where the exponent is saying what the atomic mass of the hydrogen is, which therefore defines the hydrogen as having a mass of approximately 2 amu, or ad deuterium

[Guest Azrael]

hmm, using what limited knowledge i have about chemistry, D(subscript)2O wouldn't work, because that is identifying the D as an element, when instead it is just hydrogen with an extra proton.  Heavy water is actually h^2(subscript)20, where the exponent is saying what the atomic mass of the hydrogen is, which therefore defines the hydrogen as having a mass of approximately 2 amu, or ad deuterium

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

Actually, it is not. Heavy Water is D20, is basically the same as water, but instead of having one hydrogen, it has one deuterium, which is an isotope of hydrogen. Deuterium is not hydrogen with an extra proton, that would be the following element in the periodic table, deuterium has one more neutron, not proton.

Now, as interesting as it may be, we're clear that it's Deuterium, not dideuterium, so let's not go offtopic. Anyone has any comments on the text so we can complete it?

[[Blehm 98]]

sorry, i meant neutron, but D20 is completely wrong, capital letter are for elements only. So D20 is technically and untrue equation, because there is no chemical symbol that is a D. If it is a different isotope, you use an exponent to show its atomic mass, and therefore how many neutrons it has. So, like i said, it is H^2(subscript)2O, with the exponent saying that the hydrogen has an atomic mass of 2, meaning it has 1 proton as its atomic number(1), and the second amu comes from the neutron attached to it. but saying D2O is saying that deuterium is an element, which it is not. Believe me, i know this kind of stuff

You cannot say i am wrong, because all the rules say that i am right. So ha!

[kafros]

DIDeuterium means that we have 2molecules of deuterium in the compound.

 

As you know, Oxygen has 6 electrons in its last shell. So, it needs 2 more in order to "complete" it's shell. Oxygen looks like this:

 

-O- (or O= , that depends on the compound)

 

You see that it has 2 free "hands". But, both hydrogen and deuterium have 1 free "hand" (they have 1 electron, and they NEED 1 MORE to complete their first and last shell, which "has to have" 2 electrons)

 

Instead of using 2H, which actually is hydrogen with a little 2 upper-left, I will use D (yes blehm, it's not an element, but people decided that they could DEFINE Deuterium that way in order to be easier to notate, just like Tritium)

 

So, that's how Dideuterium monoxide looks like: D-O-D

 

YOU JUST CAN'T HAVE DEUTERIUM OXIDE, as it would look like this:

 

"D - O - ????"

 

As you can see, deuterium oxide leaves oxygen with a free hand, so such a compound just can't exist, laws of chemistry.

 

So, why do they call it deuterium oxide and heavy water anyway? They are both common names!

 

We want to be scientific, and we want to be right, so we follow UIPAC naming scheme, and call it Di-Deuterium Mono-oxide, I mean Dideuterium Monoxide

[kafros]

Believe me, i know this kind of stuff

You cannot say i am wrong, because all the rules say that i am right.  So ha!

Well, we don't say you don't pal. But actually, some people here have some years more experience than you. Dan is the "chemical prodigy" ( ) of the forum. But, I learned about naming schemes 2 and 1 years ago (9th and 10th grade), 11th grade (just finished it) was specialised in reactions, reaction speeds, Kc, Kp, Catalysts, Chemical equilibrium etc. But, our teacher also taught us most of the organic chemistry of the 12th grade.

 

Actually, stuff like this

http://www.chemhelper.com/tutorials.html

are quite easy right now

 

And please, please, please(!) read this page:

http://science.widener.edu/svb/pset/nomen_b.html

 

It's Chemistry 145 lesson at Widener University. It is the best link I have seen so far!

 

 

And, you want the most reliable and official source?

 

http://www.iupac.org/dhtml_home.html

 

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry! IUPAC. It's THE chemistry organistation. Nothing more official than that!

[Guest Azrael]

YOU JUST CAN'T HAVE DEUTERIUM OXIDE, as it would look like this:

 

"D - O - ????"

 

As you can see, deuterium oxide leaves oxygen with a free hand, so such a compound just can't exist, laws of chemistry.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

You're going overboard.

Safety (MSDS) data for deuterium oxide

General

 

      Synonyms: heavy water, dideuterium oxide, water-d2, D2O, deuterated water

      Molecular formula: D2O

      CAS No: 7789-20-0

      EC No: 232-148-9

Oh, look, it can exist.

You were right, dideuterium oxide is a synonym. Now, unless there are any comments about this, it will be considered completed.

This is what happens when Dan2 is not around

[Kikanaide]

blehm - deuterium and tritium are the only exceptions to the rule regarding chemical formulas. Note that they are the only isotopes with widely recognized names. Other isotopes are always just Uranium -135 and such.

 

kafros - for the record, I believe that you are correct in that, by the conventions, that is the name that should be used. However, it is common (even among scientists) to call it simply deuterium oxide, because, as you said, the compound with only one deuterium and oxygen cannot exist. Thus, it falls under the category of prefixes that are "not needed." I've googled up pages written by professors in chemistry that state the chemical name of heavy water as deuterium oxide. And, unfortunately, the IUPAC naming tool that you linked drew up "water - d2" from the synonym list Azrael posted.

 

Azrael - I think you are correct in that we need to move on. One quick question - earlier tzuchan mentioned that the "type of damage" section from my heavy plasma text should appear here where it applies to all plasma stuff instead of just heavy plasma. Should one of us cut and paste it or do you like it in the heavy plasma?

Edited June 13, 2005 by Kikanaide

[mikker]

For christ sake, just call it heavy water and continue! Is it REALLY that importent?! It's not even remotely used!

 

"blah blah blah - better known as heavy water."

 

Just call it heavy water. End of the line.

[[Blehm 98]]

Finally

thank-you kikanaid, that has whisked my concerns away. I learned something today

[dan2]

2) And, I can't believe that Dan hasn't yelled about it yet:

Heavy water is dideuterium oxide, or D2O or 2H2O   

While the name dideuterium oxide is correct, there's nothing wrong with the name deuterium oxide, because it is the only oxide deuterium can have. There's another combination, but that one is called deuterium peroxide.

All the names are correct, including the plain "heavy water" so it is the writer choice, it is not a matter of incorrectness, because all chemists know what are you talking about and there's no ambiguity.

So again, the writer can choose a name, and if it is incorrect chemically speaking, I'll yell if I see it (I don't really yell at people, just annoyingly point out)

[kafros]

I was misunderstood. I've said in some post before that

Heavy water = Deuterium oxide = Dideuterium monoxide

 

And, I also said that Dideuterium monoxide is its official name.

 

Of course you can use Deuterium oxide. Actually, everyday people and most scientists call it that way. Why did they invent common names anyway? :wink1:

 

I just wanted to make sure that everyone knows that for good, maybe I "overtried" <_ .>

 

Anyway, now we all got it, and as Azy said, it's complete! Let's move on to some other comments

[dan2]

There were times when chemists didn't know much about the proportions between atoms in a compound, so all they knew was it was a mixture between, let's say sodium and oxygen and another mixture calcium and oxigen. Both were named accordingly sodium oxide and calcium oxide. Later they saw there's two sodium atoms for each oxygen atom, so they chose the more apropriate name of disodium oxide, but since there was tons of literature naming it sodium oxide, and since there was no other sodium oxide, they stick to the simpler name for all purposes. (P.S. Most transitional metals can have more than one oxidation state, so there you must use the better naming method).

I'm not saying you're wrong, I'm just saying the other names are not wrong either. I know, chemists are blaaaaa......

Edited June 14, 2005 by dan2

[Kikanaide]

Ok. So we're done. I'm going to leave the text as it stands because that's the way tzuchan put it. In other news, how, with all that discussion, did we all miss that it said "better know as heavy water." As in, not "better known," but "better know." I corrected it today (notice the editing on both my posts), but...wow.

 

Anyway, I'm pretty much done with it barring the possible cut-paste of the damage description from heavy plasma. And that could be done by whoever, and can just as easily be proofread in the hp entry as this one. Any other problems? If not, Az...take it away

[Guest Azrael]

Last chance for comments...

[tzuchan]

Okay, by request from Azzy, I'm returning from the realm of the dead to do some quick C&C.

 

my comments in blue,

text commented on red

 

[PLASMA WEAPONS]

X-Net://Perseus.Net/Alien/Weapons/[Plasma Principles]

 

While plasma-based weaponry has been a staple in science fiction, the obstacles involved in reaction containment and sustainment could only be overcome with the advanced and great technical capabilities of a large facility entirely dedicated to this purpose, and even then only for a short period of time. However, the arrival of the Aliens with their advanced technology and new compounds led us to question our previous conclusions. With the thorough study of a large portable plasma weapon and clip recovered from the battlefield, along with our superficial analysis of the unique Xenium that serves as ammunition, we have uncovered the theory behind the functionality of plasma weapons. We now have the knowledge necessary to develop plasma weaponry of equal to or greater firepower capability than that of the Alien invaders.

 

All three types of handheld plasma weaponry used by the Aliens have several similarities. The heart of the plasma weapon consists of a "funnel" of superconductor magnets terminated with magneto dynamic prongs on one end, and a plasma-generation chamber at the other. Plasma generated in the chamber is forced through the magnetic funnel by a brief electromagnetic pulse. As the plasma passes through the funnel, it is compressed into a tight stream of particles. The magnetic prominences on the barrel then focus and accelerate the resultant plasma into tight bursts.

 

Another integral part of plasma weapon design is its high-efficiency heatsink. Made of a variation of the ceramic compounds found in the Alien Composites, this advanced heat sink exceeds anything we could ever make in heat tolerance. Even though the plasma is never in direct contact with any part of the weapon, considerable heat is transferred by radiation. Without this heat sink, the weapon itself would melt within seconds, inflicting terrible burns on the user in the process. The heat sink draws the heat generated by the plasma burst away from the barrel to a heat dissipater located along the edges of the magneto dynamic prongs, which also contain and disperse the powerful electromagnetic fields generated when firing the weapon.

 

Xenium has an important property that allowed the Aliens to overcome all of the theoretical barriers to plasma weaponry. When in the form used in plasma weapons, Xenium produces an incredibly strong, but very short-range gravity field. This field is powerful enough to prevent the expansion of the plasma particles, even with their incredible kinetic energies. This lowers the energy requirement of magnetic containment to a reasonable amount. Also, this gravity field is powerful enough to carry the plasma burst along with the Xenium, which circumvents the difficulties of electromagnetically accelerating a substance made up of oppositely charged particles.

 

While the above is a reasonable explanation for the gravitation effects that we all agreed xenium should exhibit, the gravitation effect is not limited to plasma weapons. it is also a very important part of ufo propulsion. Also, i think this paragraph should come after the part where we explain the composition of the ammo makeup. Also, personally, I prefer the version that Kick-a-nade and I discussed briefly in the heavy plasma rifle thread.

posted here for comparison:

Indepth studies of the plasma weapon revealed that the Xenium material not only generates the energy requried to convert the reaction mass into high-energy plasma, but also emits measurable amounts of gravity fields. The xenium particles then gravitate towards the center of the plasma packet, thereby creating a gravitational field strong enough to maintain the coherency of the plasma packet, preventing it from dispersing due to thermal expansion. Test firing revealed that the ratio of xenium to reaction matter mass defines the distance that the plama packet will retain it's coherency. A ratio of 1:50 results in distances of approximately 1000 meters before the plasma packet disperses.

 

During our research into the invaders' captured weapon, it has been noted that they have two ammunition containers, one containing a simple Deuterium Oxide solution, better known as heavy water. The other, however, contains a unique gel-like compound. Further testing on this unique substance revealed that it is a compound derived from Xenium. When Xenium crystals are exposed to X-ray laser, they fracture into a fine powder. When the resulting powder is combined with uranium, iron and carbon, the resulting mixture has a gel-like consistency.

 

What makes this compound useful is that it is viscous enough to be magnetically levitated using the properties of the iron in it, and it is stable enough to be stored for long periods of time. However, when this compound is stimulated with electromagnetic pulses in the presence of heavy water, it starts a high-energy reaction leading to the fusion of deuterium, causing the mixture to convert into plasma. The ability to replicate this Xenium-gel has proven to be vital in the creation of portable Alien plasma weapons.

 

As mentioned earlier, I feel that the gravitaional properties of xenium and it's effects on the plasma should be discussed here.

 

We have discovered a potential method of plasma generation that might be even more efficient than that of the Alien invaders. We must learn as much as we can before this extraterrestrial menace discovers our location.

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

FROM THE DESK OF

Dr. Samuel Marshall

 

Xenium required for plasma conversion of 0.05 mL heavy water: 0.013 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of 3.03 g scrap steel: 0.829 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of 1.44 kg scrap wood: 4.38 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of light bulb: 0.274 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of desk lamp: 5.98 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of mouse trap and carcass: 0.739 g.

 

 

On the whole, nice polishing of the work that I did before. There was some discussion that we might need to include a discription of the effects of plasma weapons on humans as mentioned by Kikanaide, and I feel that it is reasonable that the scientist studying the weapons would at least mention it in some manner as it is going to be a matter very dear to the commander/player

[Exo2000]

Well the effect would be observable in the field, really, but you could tack on the report from soldiers.

 

I'm not sure whether to be disturbed by the last line of the fluff...

 

Xenium required for plasma conversion of mouse trap and carcass: 0.739 g

 

Edited June 15, 2005 by Exo2000

[Kikanaide]

So, here we have it. Incorporated suggestions from tzuchan - moved the location of the text and tried to merge the two versions, keeping the best from both. It turned out that a lot of the text was very similar...someone else should read it and tell me how they think it worked out. edit: Also added the wounding section, with most of the suggestions from Asty implemented.

[PLASMA WEAPONS]

X-Net://Perseus.Net/Alien/Weapons/[Plasma Principles]

 

While plasma-based weaponry has been a staple in science fiction, the obstacles involved in reaction containment and sustainment could only be overcome with the advanced and great technical capabilities of a large facility entirely dedicated to this purpose, and even then only for a short period of time. However, the arrival of the Aliens with their advanced technology and new compounds led us to question our previous conclusions. With the thorough study of a large portable plasma weapon and clip recovered from the battlefield, along with our superficial analysis of the unique Xenium that serves as ammunition, we have uncovered the theory behind the functionality of plasma weapons. We now have the knowledge necessary to develop plasma weaponry of equal to or greater firepower capability than that of the Alien invaders.

 

All three types of handheld plasma weaponry used by the Aliens have several similarities. The heart of the plasma weapon consists of a "funnel" of superconductor magnets terminated with magneto dynamic prongs on one end, and a plasma-generation chamber at the other. Plasma generated in the chamber is forced through the magnetic funnel by a brief electromagnetic pulse. As the plasma passes through the funnel, it is compressed into a tight stream of particles. The magnetic prominences on the barrel then focus and accelerate the resultant plasma into tight bursts.

 

Another integral part of plasma weapon design is its high-efficiency heatsink. Made of a variation of the ceramic compounds found in the Alien Composites, this advanced heat sink exceeds anything we could ever make in heat tolerance. Even though the plasma is never in direct contact with any part of the weapon, considerable heat is transferred by radiation.  Without this heat sink, the weapon itself would melt within seconds, inflicting terrible burns on the user in the process. The heat sink draws the heat generated by the plasma burst away from the barrel to a heat dissipater located along the edges of the magneto dynamic prongs, which also contain and disperse the powerful electromagnetic fields generated when firing the weapon.

 

 

During our research into the invaders' captured weapon, it has been noted that they have two ammunition containers, one containing a simple Deuterium Oxide solution, better known as heavy water. The other, however, contains a unique gel-like compound. Further testing on this unique substance revealed that it is a compound derived from Xenium. When Xenium crystals are exposed to X-ray laser, they fracture into a fine powder. When the resulting powder is combined with uranium, iron and carbon, the resulting mixture has a gel-like consistency.

 

What makes this compound useful is that it is viscous enough to be magnetically levitated using the properties of the iron in it, and it is stable enough to be stored for long periods of time. However, when this compound is stimulated with electromagnetic pulses in the presence of heavy water, it starts a high-energy reaction leading to the fusion of deuterium, causing the mixture to convert into plasma. The ability to replicate this Xenium-gel has proven to be vital in the creation of portable Alien plasma weapons.

 

Xenium has an important property that allowed the Aliens to overcome all of the theoretical barriers to plasma weaponry.  Indepth studies of the plasma weapon revealed that the Xenium material not only generates the energy requried to convert the reaction mass into high-energy plasma, but also produces an incredibly strong, very short-range gravity field. The xenium particles gravitate towards the center of the plasma packet, creating a field powerful enough to prevent the expansion of the plasma particles, even with their incredible kinetic energies. This gravity effect lowers the energy requirement of magnetic containment to a reasonable amount.  It is also powerful enough to carry the plasma burst along with the Xenium, which circumvents the problems with electromagnetically accelerating a substance made up of oppositely charged particles.

 

Test firing revealed that the ratio of xenium to deuterium defines the distance that the plama packet will retain its coherency. A ratio of 1:50 results in distances of approximately 1000 meters before the plasma packet disperses. 

 

The damage caused by a plasma hit is fearsome to behold. The energy of the particles is sufficient to disrupt the target - organic or otherwise - at an molecular level, ionizing atoms by knocking off electrons and therefore destroying covalent bonds. The amount of energy present is commonly enough to “dissolve” the first surface struck, leaving behind only ionized atoms where there used to be structured molecules or cells. For humans, the repair of such wounds is similar to treating third-degree burns from mundane causes. However, recent medical advances in adult stem cell, cloning, and growth hormone technologies enable us to perfectly heal these gruesome injuries within a few months. The main side effect of these accelerated growth techniques is the increased risk of cancer during the treatment; patients must be observed around the clock in order to detect aberrant cell growth. Thus, any wounded agent is completely unable to go on missions for the duration of his recovery period.

 

We have discovered a potential method of plasma generation that might be even more efficient than that of the Alien invaders. We must learn as much as we can before this extraterrestrial menace discovers our location.

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

FROM THE DESK OF

Dr. Samuel Marshall

 

Xenium required for plasma conversion of 0.05 mL heavy water: 0.013 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of 3.03 g scrap steel: 0.829 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of 1.44 kg scrap wood: 4.38 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of light bulb: 0.274 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of desk lamp: 5.98 g.

Xenium required for plasma conversion of mouse trap and carcass: 0.739 g.

Edited June 19, 2005 by Kikanaide

[tzuchan]

Looks good to me. Not other comments. Methinks it's time for us to pass it to the proofreading teams.

[Kikanaide]

I'm up for that. Asty - feel free to figure out a way to redistribute those two paragraphs so that the 'test firing' one is...not so short... my muse seems to have deserted me for wilder lovers...

[Astyanax]

I know what you mean! Mine has deserted me as well; I only hope she's not cavorting with the licentious maenads of some wild bacchanalia...

 

The funny thing is, I can't really remember the last time I suggested something in this thread.

 

Anyway, on to the paragraphs in question.

Xenium has an important property that allowed the Aliens to overcome all of the theoretical barriers to plasma weaponry.  Indepth studies of the plasma weapon revealed that the Xenium material not only generates the energy requried to convert the reaction mass into high-energy plasma, but also produces an incredibly strong, very short-range gravity field. The xenium particles gravitate towards the center of the plasma packet, creating a field powerful enough to prevent the expansion of the plasma particles, even with their incredible kinetic energies. This gravity effect lowers the energy requirement of magnetic containment to a reasonable amount.  It is also powerful enough to carry the plasma burst along with the Xenium, which circumvents the problems with electromagnetically accelerating a substance made up of oppositely charged particles.

 

Test firing revealed that the ratio of xenium to deuterium defines the distance that the plama packet will retain its coherency. A ratio of 1:50 results in distances of approximately 1000 meters before the plasma packet disperses.

I'm a bit confused by the text I've highlighted in purple. What I think is being said in the first part is that the gravitic effect will contain the plasma packet, not just the Xenium. But this is pretty much said two sentences earlier. The "which circumvents the problems..." part doesn't mention how the plasma is accelerated- only that it 1) doesn't do so electromagnetically, or 2) does so electromagnetically, in spite of its containing oppositely charged particles (perhaps due to some Xenium influence?). While this can be elaborated on, I think it can also be deleted if some other things are rearranged. I've taken some liberties in making a suggestion- sorry for the extensive changes! As always, pick through and decide which are applicable and which are not.

Xenium has an important property that allowed the Aliens to overcome all of the theoretical barriers to plasma weaponry.  In-depth studies into plasma weapons have revealed that the Xenium material not only generates the energy required to convert the reaction mass into high-energy plasma, but also produces an incredibly strong, very short-range gravity field. The Xenium particles gravitate towards the center of the plasma packet, creating a field powerful enough to prevent the expansion of even kinetically supercharged plasma particles until the Xenium is spent.  This behavior substantially lowers the energy requirement for magnetic containment. Tests have also revealed that the ratio of Xenium to deuterium defines the duration (and hence, distance) for which a plasma packet will retain its coherency. A ratio of 1:50 results in distances of approximately 1000 meters before plasma packet dispersal.

In the second sentence, I've changed "plasma weapon" to "plasma weapons" since the rest of the text refers to the weapons in plural. However, I know that in-game, this text will pop up after in-depth research into one weapon... so maybe it should be singular instead: "An exhaustive, in-depth study of a single plasma weapon has revealed..."?

 

I had a little trouble trying to fit in the part about "lowering the energy requirement for magnetic containment". It's still a bit rough in my suggestion, imho.

 

I tried to clarify the reason why the plasma packet will disperse- that because Xenium is spent creating the gravitic effect, more Xenium means longer duration which means longer range. The last sentence might be better being more vague because I don't think there's any in-game demonstration of plasma dispersal: "Larger ratios enable the plasma packet to travel further before dispersal."

 

Overall, the text looks pretty good. Though there are a few small cosmetic things that could be touched up, I think that would be better saved for proofreading.

[Guest Azrael]

Details, details . Good work, completed.